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Citation Styles

Chicago Overview

Chicago style is often used within the field of history, although it is used by other humanities-based disciplines as well. The first edition of the Manual was published in 1906 by the Unversity of Chicago Press.


Chicago style offers two options for in text documentation:

1. Superscript numbers within a paper to designate paraphrased, summarized, or quoted material, which correspond to footnotes or endnotes that specify the author, title, and page(s) cited.

2. (Author Date) parenthetical citations within a paper to indicate paraphrased, summarized or quoted material.

In both cases, the Bibliography at the end of the paper includes full citations for all sources referenced in a paper. In addition, it may include sources the writer consulted but did not paraphrase, summarize or quote.

Chicago & Turabian Style Manuals

Chicago & Turabian Guides